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Coffee Names
Names for coffee derived from the areas where coffee is produced and shipped. Mocha is a port in Yemen just on the point where the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden meet. This port would have supplied Egypt in prehistory times for all general products from surrounding areas which traded at the time. Additionally, it is the perfect place to import coffee from Ethiopia.
Java is another location where coffee was produced but it only goes as far back as 300 years. These names are very old to say the least.
Two new names are "joe" and "hojo." These are not names for ports or for places. The U.S. Navy used to allow alcoholic beverages on U.S. Navy ships. Grog, Ale, and Beer were the supplied as a beverage in the general mess. When Admiral Josephus "Joe" Daniels became Chief of Naval Operations, he outlawed alcohol on board ships. He ordered coffee become the beverage of service on the ships, hence the term "Cup of Joe." Because sailors are generally cold, they wanted their coffee hot. The term hot cup of joe was use, then it was shorten to hot joe, then hojo.
There are many trade names which coffee is called. Most all the trade market names reflect the plantation where the coffee is grown. However, no one sells green coffee by a trade name world wide. It is more like Jamaican High Mountain means it was grown on a High Mountain other than the Blue Mountain in Jamaica. There are hundreds of Brazilian Bourbon Santos's. All these coffees are mixed together in warehouses. Then they are sold under one name; i.e. Santos where all the types of coffee in Brazil are thrown into a warehouse and sold by first come first served. In general, subtle differences and individual identity are lost. On the other hand, the subtle differences and individual identity are not all that important.
COFFEE ROASTS
Naming coffee by the way it is roasted is also quite common. Although there is a scientific view of roasting coffee, there is also a story view.
Like drinking one type of coffee, there are whole countries which went form cradle to grave drinking one type of roast. Many of these names reflect the country which this roast was prevalent; American roast, French roast, and Italian roast. As people started to get individualized, cities started to name roasts; Viennese roast, full-city roast (New York), Atlanta roast, and New Orleans roast. A lot of other cities in a lot of other countries started doing the same thing. The timing of these coffee roast nomenclatures went along with the freedoms people had.
Roasting is simply the matter of cooking the coffee bean. As the coffee bean cooks, like meat, flour, and everything else which is cooked, there is a chemical reaction. The character of the coffee bean changes. The longer the coffee bean is cooked, the more the chemicals change character. The coffee bean roast goes from nothing at all to burnt to hell.
The degree of roast and the roast name, simple describe how much the bean is roasted. As the bean roasts, it turns brown. Obviously, the darker the coffee bean gets the longer it was roasted. However, roasting the coffee bean isn't a simple mater of sticking it in a device and roast it. The coffee bean actually roasts differently if roasted at one temperature as opposed to another temperature till the color is the same. Not only that, the bean goes from endothermic to exothermic during roasting too. Endothermic being heat absorbing and exothermic being heat producing. The coffee bean actually creates its own heat by chemical reaction similar to that of cement curing or detergent will if you hold it then moisten it. This chemical reaction creates the various different compounds which equate to taste.
Depending upon the chemical reaction desired, the coffee bean creates the "essence of the coffee bean." The essence of the coffee bean is seen as the coffee oils. Later, coffee oils became coffeeol. These are oils in that they float. However, they also are water soluble which really makes them not an oil. Regulating the roasting procedure, one can make more or less of the coffee oil for any given coffee bean. Additionally, the chemical process makes the coffee bean brittle. When the coffee bean becomes brittle it is easier to grind.
THE LAST OF COMMON COFFEE NAMES
TURKISH COFFEE. Turkish coffee neither is from Turkey, nor does it represents any degree of roast. Turkish coffee means super extra fine grinding. Coffee beans ground to a very fine powder. Typically, the coffee bean is roasted to a dark brown for its ability to be ground. Turkish coffee can be blended or flavored.
ESPRESSO. Espresso is a distinct way of making coffee. It stands on its own. When you order coffee the odds are 99 to 1 that you will get coffee made at standard air pressure. When you order espresso, the odds are in the United States, the coffee is made with water under pressure forcing the water into the grind. This is not always the case around the world.